Cape Fear Valley Scottish Clans

Fayetteville Area Gaelic Beginnings

 

Gaelic Cultural Heritage Trail

 

America is the land of immigrants and that is certainly true in the Fayetteville area. While we have a diverse population today

many of the first, brave settlers to the area were from Scotland. You can see proof of that as you pass by Cross Creek Cemetery or visit Long Street Church Cemetery on today’s Fort Bragg. The first apparent influx of Highland Scots to the Upper Cape Fear came in 1739, when a large group of Argyll immigrants sailed from Scotland on a ship called the Thistle. Many land grants were issued to these and other Highlanders as a result of the Royal Governor of North Carolina encouraging Scots to emigrate, citing warm climate, free land grants, and tax exemptions. It is important to note that English and Scot-Irish settlers also arrived early to the area. Unlike other ethnic groups, the clan-conscious Highland Scots tended to cluster together in settlements. By 1750, thousands of acres of land had been granted to the Scots.

Some of the reasons for their leaving Scotland were unemployment, displacement of farm workers, increased rent for tenant
farmers, low livestock prices, and as an attempt to cling to the ways of their culture and preserve their values. In later years, migration of Scots increased as a result of the British defeating the Scottish at the Battle of Culloden in 1746. At that point, immigrants were allowed to take the loyalty oath and then migrate to the colonies. While those Highland Scots educated in British schools knew English, most commoners who emigrated only spoke Gaelic. Therefore, printers issued numerous 18th century documents in Gaelic. There were three main pillars in the Scottish way of life— religion, education and subsistence (in the form of farming and enterprise). The majority of Scots were Presbyterian and Reverend James Campbell has been credited with creating three formal congregations for the Scottish population; Bluff, Barbecue, and Long Street Churches. Campbell gave sermons in Gaelic, but also gave English sermons for the English or Scot-Irish residents as well

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In this area, there was a strong, successful merchant class consisting of prominent figures such as Andrew Broadfoot, Robert Adam, James Hogg and Robert Donaldson. Several Scottish settlers were also artisans and tradesman, such as stone masons like George Lauder and architects or builders such as William Bell. Standing architecture today is a testament of this early merchant class.  Although some Scottish settlers were tradesman, a lot relied on agriculture to survive. Crops planted here were maize, wheat, oats, sweet potatoes, legumes, and flax. Grist mills were created to produce meal from the corn. Another important product of the area was naval stores, which included tar, pitch, and turpentine primarily used for shipping. In tandem to the naval stores industry was saw milling and coopering. Spinning and processing cotton became a viable commercial enterprise and provided work for many Scottish women and girls

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When the Revolutionary War broke out, Scottish settlers took both sides of the conflict. Most pre-1760 Scottish immigrants
tended to align with the Whigs, known as the Patriots or Rebels, and those that settled here after the 1760s, were generally Tories or Loyalists. The British offered many incentives to the Colonies in exchange for Loyalist supporters and military volunteers, including land grants and tax exemptions. Some also sided with the British for fear that their families back home in Scotland would suffer if the colonists defied Britain. After the Revolution, trade was stimulated by regional fairs called “Scotch Fairs,” that later developed into present-day Scottish Highland Games, and served as centers for trade,  entertainment and socialization.

By the early 1800s, Scots appeared to be the largest, most cohesive population residing in the Upper Cape Fear region. As a
part of that influence they were early office holders at all levels. Today, the area has diversified in ethnic population, but the descendants of the early Scottish settlers are still active and proud of their heritage. An example of this cultural celebration is an organization called the Cape Fear Valley Scottish Clans, which hosts an annual Robert Burns Supper.

 

Credit: Fayetteville Area Convention & Visitors Bureau. 

 

 

Look for the symbol below on road markers around Fayetteville and Cumberland County to find sites related to the Gaelic Beginnings Heritage Trail.  A map listing the individual sites can be found at Fayetteville Area Convention & Visitors Bureau's website.